Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+cd}+\dfrac{d^2}{ad+bd}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+2ac+bc+2bd+cd+ad}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2+2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{2ac+2bd+ab+bc+cd+ad}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{4ac+4bd+2ab+2bc+2cd+2ad}{2ac+2bd+ab+bc+cd+ad}=2\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)

Ta có:

\(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)=xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)

Áp dụng:

\(P\le\dfrac{a}{a+bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b+ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c}{c+ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+abc\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+abc\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Bài toán cơ bản:

\(abc=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}=1\) 

Bunhiacopxki:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Cách 2:

Do \(abc=1\), đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{y}}{\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{y}.y^2z^2}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}=\dfrac{xyz^2}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\)...

Từ đó, BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:

\(\dfrac{xyz^2}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2yz}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}+\dfrac{xy^2z}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\ge\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2z+y^2x+z^2y\right)\ge\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)

Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:

\(\left(z+x+y\right)\left(x^2z+y^2x+z^2y\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{zx^2z}+\sqrt{xy^2x}+\sqrt{yz^2y}\right)^2=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\) (đpcm)

Ta có:

\(\left(b^2+c^2+1\right)\left(1+1+a^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2+1}\le\dfrac{a^2+2}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2+1}\le\dfrac{a^3+2a}{9}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2+1}\le\dfrac{b^3+2b}{9}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2+1}\le\dfrac{c^3+2c}{9}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+6}{9}\) (1)

Lại có:

\(\left(a^3+1+1\right)+\left(b^3+1+1\right)+\left(c^3+1+1\right)\ge3a+3b+3c\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\Rightarrow6\le2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{9}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Bunhiacopxki:

\(\left(a^2+b+c+d\right)\left(1+b+c+d\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=16\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1+b+c+d}{16}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{1}{b^2+c+d+a}\le\dfrac{1+c+d+a}{16}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+d+a+b}\le\dfrac{1+d+a+b}{16}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{d^2+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{16}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{4+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{16}=1\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{2b}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{ac}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{2}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Ta có:

\(\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b+c}}\le\dfrac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}}{a+b+c}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+a+c}}\le\dfrac{b\sqrt{1+c+a}}{a+b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+b+a}}\le\dfrac{c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)

Lại có:

\(a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}\)

\(=\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a+ab+ac}+\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{b+bc+ab}+\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{c+ac+bc}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c+2ab+2bc+2ca\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c+2ab+bc+ca\right)}}{a+b+c}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b+c+2ab+2bc+2ca}{a+b+c}}\)

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{a+b+c+2ab+2bc+2ca}{a+b+c}\le3\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)

Thật vậy:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

C/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\) (*)

Thật vậy , (*) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(a+2\right)\left(c+2\right)=\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12=abc+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+abc=4\) (Đ)

=> (*) đúng ( đpcm )